Improvement in pumps



UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

F. S. PEASE, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN PUMPS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 51,965, dated January9, 1866.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, F. S. PEAsE, of the city of Buffalo, in the countyof Erie and State of New York, have made new and useful Improvements inPumps for Mining and Oil- Wells; and I do hereby declare the followingto be a full, clear, and exact description of the nature, construction,and operation of the same, sufficient to enable one skilled in the artto which myinvention appertains to construct and use the same, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, which are made part of thisspecification, and in which- Figure l is a plan or top view of myapparatus. Fig. 2is a vertical section through the centers of thecylinders, but showing the valverods in elevation, and is on the lines x.t and au y, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section on the line'w w, Fig. l. Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section on the line z z,Fig. 1.

The same letters refer to corresponding parts in the several gures.

The improvement relates to the method of regulating the action of theexhaust and pressure apparatus, by means of which an alternate action orpulsation is communicated to the air in the pump-tube to alternatelyfilland empty the pump-chamber, which is situated deep in the well.

The immediate feature of improvement consist-s in making' the pumpself-regulating by causing the liquid which rises in the well-tube to soact upon a float as to move the cocks which open and close the pipeswhich connect the exhaust and pressure chambers alternately with thepump-tube.

Some portions of the apparatus shown in the drawings are only exhibitedto show the design and connection of the several parts, and do not formthe subject-matter of the present invention. The air-pump and itsconnected exhaust and pressure chambers, with the rotary valve or cockwhich makes the changeable connections, are not new features, but

have been before exhibited by me in previous specifications. The presentimprovement, I repeat, consists in the method of causing the matterwhich rises in the well-tube to act upon the cocks to modify the actionof the air passing to and from the exhaust and pressure chambersrespectively.

A A are the cylinders of an air-pump, lthe former communicating byvalved passages with the exhaust-chamber B and the latter with thepressure-chamber C. The action of the air-pumps is continuous upon theair in the chambers with Which they communicatein the one, B, towithdraw it and produce a partial vacuum, in the other, C, to condensethe air therein. The arrangement 0f valves for this purpose is probablysufficiently evident from an examination ofthe drawings, and is notpeculiar to my present improvement.

The chambers B and C connect, by pipes D and E, with the pipe F, whichpasses down the well-tube to the pump, which is located deep in thewell. The object, as I have said, is to communicate a pulsative motionto the air in the said pump-tube F, so that by lifting the air ordiminishing its pressure the oil or water in the bottom of' the well maybe caused to enter the pump, and then, by increasing the pressure of theair in said pump-tube, to drive the contents of the pump-chamber out ofthe same and up through the well-tube to its exit at the spout G. Thisis accomplished by alternately connecting the pipe F with the pipes Dand E by means of the rot-ary valve H, which revolves continuously, andby means of its one through-passage consecutively connects the pipe Fwith the air-pressure chamber G, as shown in Fig. 2, then with the openair by means ot' pipe I, Fig. 2, and then with the vacuum-chamber l5 bymeans of pipe D, so that the action following the order last stated is,first, to fill the pipe F with a condensed column of air; secondly, toallow it to escape and attain its normal or outside pressure; and,thirdly, to partially exhaust the air from pipe F. Each of these threeconnections is made twice in one revolution of the valve. There is,however, nothing peculiar to this invention in the said valve, as itforms the subject of a patent granted to me.

l now come to speak of the peculiar features of my improvement, whichconsists of a selfregulating arrangement by which the action ofthepreviously-described apparatus is modified according to the varyingcircumstances of the case-such, for instance, as the lessening of thedepth of water in the Well under continued pumping. The well, when thepump ing commences, may have a Very considerable depth of Water, so thatas the pressure of the column of air is reduced in the pipe F it mayrush rapidly in through the valve-opening in the bottom of thepumpchamber, to Which the pipe Fis connected. As the Water falls in theWell it will not have so great a tendency to rush into the said chamberunder the diminished height of the column, and it will be necessary,therefore, to somewhat increase the exhaust, which is done by turningthe cock J, which regulates the passage of' air through pipe D to theexhaust-chamber B. The means by which I cause the rising liquid in theWelltube to perform this motion of the cock J will be presentlydescribed.

In pumping Waterfrom Wells in which springs are continually running inand keeping the Water at an even height, or when the column is of asufcient height, the vacuum may be disconnected and the pulsation bekept up by the alternate pressure from chamber C and the reliefaii'orded by the Waste l; but When the water sinks in the shaft, and theconsequent pressure is relieved which forced the Water into thepump-chamber, the vacuum is connected so as to draw the Water in. Thisrequires regulation, and it is done by means of the float K and theconnections to the valves J and L, which control the passages D and Efrom the pressure and exhaust cylinders proceeding to the Well throughpipe F, for when the pressure of the column of water is so reduced thatit does not fill to the former extent the chamber, then air rushes in,and, expanding as it rises, makes an eruption at the top, Which raisesthe oat and increases the valveopening in the pipe leading to thevacuumchamber, While it decreases the supply of compressed air, and thusreduces the latter while it increases the draft which fills the chamber.

The float K moves up and down in the chamloer N, which is connected tothe Well-tube, so that the height ot' Water in chamber N and Well-tube 0are the same, and the float is'connected by a rod to the rocking arm P,and that to the connecting-rod Q, which sets upon a stud, 7c, or Wriston the arm R, so as by its motions to rotate the cock J, While the armR, resting on a Wrist, m, connected to the cock L, communicates motionto it.

The connecting-rod Q may be joined to the wrist m, so as to iniiuencethe cock L alone,

or the arm R may be Withdrawn from the stud m, so as to influence thecock J alone or, as in Fig. 2, the connections may be made to both thecocks which command the passages from the vacuum and the exhaustchambers respectively.

The spout G has an orice of the proper sectional area, but it is madehigh and narrow, so as to cause the Water to have a greater range ofvertical motion in the pump-stock, and consequently give the iioat agreater range of motion.

The vacuum and pressure chambers are provided With check valves, so asto prevent back action of the air.

The waste-pipe I has a cock or valve to regulate the size of theWaste-orifice.

The pipe S leads to other Wells, if required.

The cock T in the pipe F is for the purpose of closing the compressedair within the pumptube, so that when the pump is out of use the tubemay remain full ot' compressed air, and prevent the entrance of air,sand, or other extraneous matters and hold the pump-valves forciblydown.

The pressure-cylinder G is provided With a safety-valve to guard againstexcessive pressure therein.

Having described my invention, what I claim therein as new, and desireto secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination of the iioat on the Water in the pump-stock, or in achamber connected therewith, with the necessary connecting portions,sueh as the rod, the rocking arm P, and the rod Q and the cocks (oreither of them) which regulate the passage of the air through the pipesD and E, which connect with the vacuum and pressure chambersrespectively.

2. The vertically-elongated pump-nozzle G, in combination with the oatK.

3. In combination with the rotary valve, as described, the combinationof the cock T with the pipe F, for shutting the compressed air in saidWell-pipe, for the purpose described.

4. In combination with the rotary valve, as described, the valve or cockin the Waste-pipe I, for the purpose described.

F. S. PEASE.

Witnesses:

EDWARD H. KNIGHT, W. F. HALL.

